The Energy Report: You focus on small-cap resource companies based in Canada. How did you come to specialize in that?
Chris Potter: I focus on Canada because the market there is less efficient. In general, I like to find companies that have small share structures, where there is a world-class product or asset, where management owns a lot of the stock and where there's a compelling valuation. In my experience there are more opportunities in Canada that possess all of those characteristics. In the resource sector I like the exploration companies and early-stage producers because if you pick the right ones, you get a lot more leverage to rising commodity prices than you do with the larger companies.
TER: As I understand it, you consider the Canadian market somewhat less efficient than the U.S. market, thus making it easier to uncover attractively valued companies. What do you think accounts for the discrepancy, and is it specific to small caps or also true of large caps?
CP: It's really true of both large caps and small but it's not a permanent discrepancy. It's more of a lag. What I mean is that U.S. investors take a lot longer to recognize and buy high-quality Canadian companies than U.S.-listed ones. I used to be concerned that this lag would somehow be arbitraged away, but I've been doing this now for 12 or 13 years, and it has not.
There are a lot of reasons behind that. For one thing, there seems to be an apathy or ignorance on the part of U.S. investors about almost everything Canadian. There's also a perception that the Canadian securities laws are lax, that its investment community is run by mining promoters, and that U.S. investors won't get a fair shake up there. While there are certainly landmines to look out for when investing in Canada, they are no more dangerous than those in the U.S.
To characterize the entire Canadian investment scene as corrupt because of parts of the Vancouver mining community and the Bre-X Scandal in the late '90s is just silly and ignores the fact that the U.S. has had plenty of its own investment scandals such as Enron and a banking system that perpetrated the greatest financial fraud in history this past decade.
But I can't tell you all of the reasons for the valuation lag that I continue to see between U.S. and Canadian companies.
TER: You just know it's there.
CP: Let me tell you about the greatest example of that in my experience—and the reason I started investing in Canada. Back in 1997, Sprott Securities (now Cormark Securities) introduced me to Research In Motion Limited (TSX:RIM; NASDAQ:RIMM). No one other than Sprott and a few others understood what these guys had— I'm just glad I was in the right place at the right time to take the meeting. Here was this little Canadian company trading at $4 a share. Split-adjusted that would probably be $1 today. It had $2 a share in cash and $2 a share in backlog. But it had a technology that revolutionized the way people communicate.
TER: Right.
CP: They gave us the Blackberry—and no one was paying attention. Here was this little company in Waterloo, Ontario, developing this unbelievable technology. Its market capitalization was miniscule. Had Research In Motion been in Silicon Valley, its valuation would have changed very, very rapidly, but we had six months to do our homework on it before anyone really cared.
TER: Wow! That's really a great story, like finding a Rembrandt in your garage.
CP: Exactly.
TER: You've been very positive on gold and precious metals. What other sectors do you think will do well for investors over the next couple of years?
CP: I think that many areas of alternative energy will do well. That does not mean that all the alternative energy companies whose stocks go up will be developing worthwhile, commercial products or resources. On the contrary, I suspect that many of them will end up being duds. It's just that coal, oil and even natural gas have become so politically incorrect that the amount of money that will get thrown at the alternative energy sector will make most of those stocks go up, for a while at least.
I expect to see opportunities in the natural gas sector, too. Even though it's not a politically correct fuel, I don't see how it won't take a greater share of the North American energy market going forward. What other fuel combines abundant availability and low production costs with an emissions profile that is palatable to even hard core environmentalists? As coal and oil get squeezed out on the margin I'm guessing natural gas will fill much of that gap. There is a lot of bearishness surrounding the massive increase in North America's natural gas supply coming from shale plays. While I agree that shale gas supply will make it difficult for us to see sustainable double-digit gas prices for many years to come, the positive developments on the demand side that I just described can keep gas prices in the $5 to $7 range and there are a lot of gas explorers and producers that will do very well in that kind of price environment.
I also think we'll continue to see lots of opportunity is the agricultural sector. This is for the reasons that we all know about—emerging market population migration, improvements in diet, a greater focus on investing in fertilizers and other crop inputs.
TER: Are you following any small-cap companies that represent some interesting investment options in these sectors—alternative energy, natural gas and agribusiness?
CP: In agriculture, I have an investment in Amazon Mining (TSX-V:AMZ). For anyone concerned about the rainforest, Amazon's property is nowhere near the Amazon jungle. They are developing a potash fertilizer resource in Brazil, one of the world's leading producers of all kinds of crops—soybeans, corn, wheat, coffee, oranges, sugar cane. Despite its reliance on agriculture, Brazil imports more than 90% of its domestic fertilizer needs from places such as Russia and Canada. This means high transportations costs, which is the reason Brazil pays more for potash than anywhere else in the world. This hurts farmers, increases food costs and is bad for the country. It's not difficult to see why all of the players in the Brazilian agricultural space are intensely focused on securing a domestic source of production.
So along comes this little Canadian-listed company that stumbles across a very large potash resource in the heart of the Brazil's growing area. Not only does is address the transportation cost issue but the particular kind of potash they found is much better suited to Brazil's soil than the kind they have been importing. It has a slow release feature which means it stays in the soil longer than traditional potash. This is particularly important given Brazil's heavy rains and its nutrient deficient ground. Finally, because the resource is at surface, the company believes it can develop a mine for one tenth of the $1 to $2 billion it would cost to build a mine in Canada.
TER: Wow!
CP: Yup, it's pretty unusual. You have this tiny company, $60 million market cap, that has the opportunity to significantly improve the economics of one of the world's major agricultural regions. It'll take a couple of years to get into production and there will be many of the issues associated with building a new mine but they have a very talented, driven management team that is focused on making this project work. Equally important they have the support and backing of domestic industry, politicians and farmers. Management has kept the share structure small and they have kept a tight lid on costs which saved them during last year's financial crisis. They also have bought a significant amount of stock for themselves in the open market which I like to see.
TER: Do you see any other companies that represent promising plays like Amazon's?
CP: I have an investment in BioExx Specialty Proteins Ltd. (TSX-V:BXI), which has developed a unique technology for extracting protein from canola seeds. Canola has twice the protein profile as soy and is almost on par with beef and egg whites. BioExx is the first company to figure out how to efficiently unlock the protein from the seed without damaging the protein in the process. Their first plant is up and running and they have a pretty aggressive growth plan, with five plants running within a few years, each successive plant doubling capacity from the previous one.
TER: Would this protein be for human consumption? Animal consumption? What?
CP: The whole focus of the company is upon extracting protein from canola for human foods and their ability to do that is what distinguishes what they are doing from everyone else in the field. They still need to scale their processes and get their final regulatory clearances but the analysts are suggesting they will have human quality food production sometime this year. This is another company with a tiny market cap relative to its opportunity. It is a $300 million company that will be diving into a $16 billion market with highly proprietary technology that is way ahead of its competitors.
TER: Fascinating. Any nuggets to share in terms of alternative energy or natural gas?
CP: Alter NRG Corp. (TSX:NRG; OTCQX:ANRGF) is another company I own. They have a proven plasma gasification technology, developed by Westinghouse, that can turn all kinds of readily available and environmentally unfriendly substances like garbage, biomass and old tires into clean burning fuel. All of their competitors are either in the R&D stage or are working on giant projects that cannot handle the variety of feedstocks that Alter NRG can. I don't fully understand the technology but I understand that a business that can turn household garbage into clean-burning fuel is a pretty good bet today, especially given the fact that they have a couple of plants already in commercial production and the whole company trades for about $130 million with over $30 million in cash. This is another example of a Canadian-listed company with a game- changing technology that has yet to attract investor attention.
Christopher K. Potter is the principal of Northern Border Capital Management, Inc., a Canadian-focused firm that he founded in 2002. A 1987 graduate of Hamilton College in Clinton, NY—which earned a place on U.S. News & World Report's "Best Colleges 2010" list of Tier 1 liberal arts institutions— in 1988 he went to work for Preferred Utilities Manufacturing Corp., a leading combustion equipment design firm. By the time he left to study for his MBA at Columbia University, Chris was managing Preferred Utilities' New York office. After being awarded his master's degree, he joined Ten Squared L.P., a hedge fund focused on North American publicly traded securities. He was an investment analyst with the fund from 1996 until 1999 and the co-portfolio manager from 1999 until 2001. It was his last three years at Ten Squared, when he developed and managed the fund's Canadian investment business, that led Chris to found Northern Border Capital Management, Inc.
Want to read more exclusive Energy Report interviews like this? Sign up for our free e-newsletter, and you'll learn when new articles have been published. To see a list of recent interviews with industry analysts and commentators, visit our Expert Insights page.
DISCLOSURE:
1) Karen Roche of The Energy Report conducted this interview. She personally and/or her family own none of the companies mentioned in this interview.
2) The following companies mentioned in the interview are sponsors of The Gold Report or The Energy Report: Amazon Mining Holding Plc.
3) Chris Potter—I personally and/or my family own shares of the following companies mentioned in this interview: Amazon Mining Holding Plc, BioExx Specialty Proteins Ltd., Alter NRG Corp. I personally and/or my family am paid by the following companies mentioned in this interview: None
Chris Potter: I focus on Canada because the market there is less efficient. In general, I like to find companies that have small share structures, where there is a world-class product or asset, where management owns a lot of the stock and where there's a compelling valuation. In my experience there are more opportunities in Canada that possess all of those characteristics. In the resource sector I like the exploration companies and early-stage producers because if you pick the right ones, you get a lot more leverage to rising commodity prices than you do with the larger companies.
TER: As I understand it, you consider the Canadian market somewhat less efficient than the U.S. market, thus making it easier to uncover attractively valued companies. What do you think accounts for the discrepancy, and is it specific to small caps or also true of large caps?
CP: It's really true of both large caps and small but it's not a permanent discrepancy. It's more of a lag. What I mean is that U.S. investors take a lot longer to recognize and buy high-quality Canadian companies than U.S.-listed ones. I used to be concerned that this lag would somehow be arbitraged away, but I've been doing this now for 12 or 13 years, and it has not.
There are a lot of reasons behind that. For one thing, there seems to be an apathy or ignorance on the part of U.S. investors about almost everything Canadian. There's also a perception that the Canadian securities laws are lax, that its investment community is run by mining promoters, and that U.S. investors won't get a fair shake up there. While there are certainly landmines to look out for when investing in Canada, they are no more dangerous than those in the U.S.
To characterize the entire Canadian investment scene as corrupt because of parts of the Vancouver mining community and the Bre-X Scandal in the late '90s is just silly and ignores the fact that the U.S. has had plenty of its own investment scandals such as Enron and a banking system that perpetrated the greatest financial fraud in history this past decade.
But I can't tell you all of the reasons for the valuation lag that I continue to see between U.S. and Canadian companies.
TER: You just know it's there.
CP: Let me tell you about the greatest example of that in my experience—and the reason I started investing in Canada. Back in 1997, Sprott Securities (now Cormark Securities) introduced me to Research In Motion Limited (TSX:RIM; NASDAQ:RIMM). No one other than Sprott and a few others understood what these guys had— I'm just glad I was in the right place at the right time to take the meeting. Here was this little Canadian company trading at $4 a share. Split-adjusted that would probably be $1 today. It had $2 a share in cash and $2 a share in backlog. But it had a technology that revolutionized the way people communicate.
TER: Right.
CP: They gave us the Blackberry—and no one was paying attention. Here was this little company in Waterloo, Ontario, developing this unbelievable technology. Its market capitalization was miniscule. Had Research In Motion been in Silicon Valley, its valuation would have changed very, very rapidly, but we had six months to do our homework on it before anyone really cared.
TER: Wow! That's really a great story, like finding a Rembrandt in your garage.
CP: Exactly.
TER: You've been very positive on gold and precious metals. What other sectors do you think will do well for investors over the next couple of years?
CP: I think that many areas of alternative energy will do well. That does not mean that all the alternative energy companies whose stocks go up will be developing worthwhile, commercial products or resources. On the contrary, I suspect that many of them will end up being duds. It's just that coal, oil and even natural gas have become so politically incorrect that the amount of money that will get thrown at the alternative energy sector will make most of those stocks go up, for a while at least.
I expect to see opportunities in the natural gas sector, too. Even though it's not a politically correct fuel, I don't see how it won't take a greater share of the North American energy market going forward. What other fuel combines abundant availability and low production costs with an emissions profile that is palatable to even hard core environmentalists? As coal and oil get squeezed out on the margin I'm guessing natural gas will fill much of that gap. There is a lot of bearishness surrounding the massive increase in North America's natural gas supply coming from shale plays. While I agree that shale gas supply will make it difficult for us to see sustainable double-digit gas prices for many years to come, the positive developments on the demand side that I just described can keep gas prices in the $5 to $7 range and there are a lot of gas explorers and producers that will do very well in that kind of price environment.
I also think we'll continue to see lots of opportunity is the agricultural sector. This is for the reasons that we all know about—emerging market population migration, improvements in diet, a greater focus on investing in fertilizers and other crop inputs.
TER: Are you following any small-cap companies that represent some interesting investment options in these sectors—alternative energy, natural gas and agribusiness?
CP: In agriculture, I have an investment in Amazon Mining (TSX-V:AMZ). For anyone concerned about the rainforest, Amazon's property is nowhere near the Amazon jungle. They are developing a potash fertilizer resource in Brazil, one of the world's leading producers of all kinds of crops—soybeans, corn, wheat, coffee, oranges, sugar cane. Despite its reliance on agriculture, Brazil imports more than 90% of its domestic fertilizer needs from places such as Russia and Canada. This means high transportations costs, which is the reason Brazil pays more for potash than anywhere else in the world. This hurts farmers, increases food costs and is bad for the country. It's not difficult to see why all of the players in the Brazilian agricultural space are intensely focused on securing a domestic source of production.
So along comes this little Canadian-listed company that stumbles across a very large potash resource in the heart of the Brazil's growing area. Not only does is address the transportation cost issue but the particular kind of potash they found is much better suited to Brazil's soil than the kind they have been importing. It has a slow release feature which means it stays in the soil longer than traditional potash. This is particularly important given Brazil's heavy rains and its nutrient deficient ground. Finally, because the resource is at surface, the company believes it can develop a mine for one tenth of the $1 to $2 billion it would cost to build a mine in Canada.
TER: Wow!
CP: Yup, it's pretty unusual. You have this tiny company, $60 million market cap, that has the opportunity to significantly improve the economics of one of the world's major agricultural regions. It'll take a couple of years to get into production and there will be many of the issues associated with building a new mine but they have a very talented, driven management team that is focused on making this project work. Equally important they have the support and backing of domestic industry, politicians and farmers. Management has kept the share structure small and they have kept a tight lid on costs which saved them during last year's financial crisis. They also have bought a significant amount of stock for themselves in the open market which I like to see.
TER: Do you see any other companies that represent promising plays like Amazon's?
CP: I have an investment in BioExx Specialty Proteins Ltd. (TSX-V:BXI), which has developed a unique technology for extracting protein from canola seeds. Canola has twice the protein profile as soy and is almost on par with beef and egg whites. BioExx is the first company to figure out how to efficiently unlock the protein from the seed without damaging the protein in the process. Their first plant is up and running and they have a pretty aggressive growth plan, with five plants running within a few years, each successive plant doubling capacity from the previous one.
TER: Would this protein be for human consumption? Animal consumption? What?
CP: The whole focus of the company is upon extracting protein from canola for human foods and their ability to do that is what distinguishes what they are doing from everyone else in the field. They still need to scale their processes and get their final regulatory clearances but the analysts are suggesting they will have human quality food production sometime this year. This is another company with a tiny market cap relative to its opportunity. It is a $300 million company that will be diving into a $16 billion market with highly proprietary technology that is way ahead of its competitors.
TER: Fascinating. Any nuggets to share in terms of alternative energy or natural gas?
CP: Alter NRG Corp. (TSX:NRG; OTCQX:ANRGF) is another company I own. They have a proven plasma gasification technology, developed by Westinghouse, that can turn all kinds of readily available and environmentally unfriendly substances like garbage, biomass and old tires into clean burning fuel. All of their competitors are either in the R&D stage or are working on giant projects that cannot handle the variety of feedstocks that Alter NRG can. I don't fully understand the technology but I understand that a business that can turn household garbage into clean-burning fuel is a pretty good bet today, especially given the fact that they have a couple of plants already in commercial production and the whole company trades for about $130 million with over $30 million in cash. This is another example of a Canadian-listed company with a game- changing technology that has yet to attract investor attention.
Christopher K. Potter is the principal of Northern Border Capital Management, Inc., a Canadian-focused firm that he founded in 2002. A 1987 graduate of Hamilton College in Clinton, NY—which earned a place on U.S. News & World Report's "Best Colleges 2010" list of Tier 1 liberal arts institutions— in 1988 he went to work for Preferred Utilities Manufacturing Corp., a leading combustion equipment design firm. By the time he left to study for his MBA at Columbia University, Chris was managing Preferred Utilities' New York office. After being awarded his master's degree, he joined Ten Squared L.P., a hedge fund focused on North American publicly traded securities. He was an investment analyst with the fund from 1996 until 1999 and the co-portfolio manager from 1999 until 2001. It was his last three years at Ten Squared, when he developed and managed the fund's Canadian investment business, that led Chris to found Northern Border Capital Management, Inc.
Want to read more exclusive Energy Report interviews like this? Sign up for our free e-newsletter, and you'll learn when new articles have been published. To see a list of recent interviews with industry analysts and commentators, visit our Expert Insights page.
DISCLOSURE:
1) Karen Roche of The Energy Report conducted this interview. She personally and/or her family own none of the companies mentioned in this interview.
2) The following companies mentioned in the interview are sponsors of The Gold Report or The Energy Report: Amazon Mining Holding Plc.
3) Chris Potter—I personally and/or my family own shares of the following companies mentioned in this interview: Amazon Mining Holding Plc, BioExx Specialty Proteins Ltd., Alter NRG Corp. I personally and/or my family am paid by the following companies mentioned in this interview: None
